Screening for Heart Disease

Some biomarkers may add to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular disease, including:  

• Coronary artery calcification
• Carotid intima-media thickness
• Carotid total plaque area
• Higher fibrinogen and PAI-1 blood concentrations
• Elevated homocysteine
• Elevated blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine
• Inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein
• Elevated Low-density lipoprotein-p
• Elevated blood levels of brain natriuretic peptide (also known as B-type) (BNP)
• Advanced Blood work ( advanced lipids, subclass analysis, inflammatory markers, and cutting edge genetic markers)
• Aneurysm Screening
•  Ankle Brachial Index 
•  Vo 2 Max Testing

However, the clinical value of some biomarkers is still questionable.